This article discusses morphological structure of mountain soils. The mountainous regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan are located mainly in Tashkent, Surkhandarya, Samarkand, Jizzakh, Syrdarya, Fergana Valley and Navoi regions, and differ from each other in their greenery, charm and structure. Mountain soils are distributed sequentially according to the law of vertical zoning, depending on the altitude above sea level. The soil cover in these regions is characterized by their development (evolution), genesis, agrochemical, agrophysical properties and, most importantly, morphological structure. Each region has its own natural factors, which directly affect the development and morphological structure of the soil cover.
The effective management of agricultural residues is crucial for sustainable agriculture and waste reduction. Composting is a promising approach to convert agricultural residues into valuable potting soils. This study aims to explore the utilization of specific agricultural residues in the composting process for the production of high-quality potting soils. Selected agricultural residues, such as crop residues, straw, husks, or spent mushroom substrates, are incorporated into composting systems along with organic amendments and bulking agents. The composting process is monitored for key parameters including temperature, moisture content, pH, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and microbial activity. The resulting composts are evaluated for their physical, chemical, and biological properties, including nutrient content, organic matter content, water holding capacity, and microbial diversity. The utilization of agricultural residues in composting systems offers an opportunity to recycle organic waste, improve soil fertility, and reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers. The production of high-quality potting soils from agricultural residues promotes sustainable agricultural practices and contributes to waste management strategies.
The article describes, in detail, the dynamical development of soil and geographical research conducted in the Fergana Valley in 1918-1945. Exactly at those years the comprehensivestudy introduction of the soils of the Fergana Valley was scientifically substantiated by the prevalence of different soils in the region, and specific scientific ideas were developed. The article describes in detail the growing geo-ecological significance of soil in the process of geographical research conducted in 1918-1945 and describes its scientific results.
This environmental study aims to assess the levels of heavy metal pollution in tea plantation soils and evaluate the associated ecological risk. Soil samples were collected from various tea plantations in the study area, and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined using standardized analytical methods. Ecological risk assessment models were employed to estimate the potential risks posed by these pollutants to the surrounding ecosystems. The results revealed significant contamination of tea plantation soils with heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As). Moreover, the ecological risk assessment indicated a high potential for adverse effects on soil organisms and nearby water bodies. The findings highlight the urgent need for effective management strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution in tea plantation soils and safeguard the ecological health of the surrounding areas.
This environmental study aims to assess the levels of heavy metal pollution in tea plantation soils and evaluate the associated ecological risk. Soil samples were collected from various tea plantations in the study area, and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined using standardized analytical methods. Ecological risk assessment models were employed to estimate the potential risks posed by these pollutants to the surrounding ecosystems. The results revealed significant contamination of tea plantation soils with heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As). Moreover, the ecological risk assessment indicated a high potential for adverse effects on soil organisms and nearby water bodies. The findings highlight the urgent need for effective management strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution in tea plantation soils and safeguard the ecological health of the surrounding areas.
This article discusses the improvement of the development of biotests in saline soils with the addition of zeolite, phosphogypsum, organic fertilizers. The development of biotests on seawater with a concentration of 1-10 g / l improved when humates, KNO3, and water extracts from crop residues were added to the water. A decrease in the salinity of the upper soil layer is shown when an interlayer with large pores from high moor peat is created at a depth of 25 cm.
The article presents in detail the mechanical composition of gypsum-sierozem, meadow-sierozem, sierozem-meadow, meadow, meadow-swamp soils and saline soils of different levels in the Zarbdor district of the Jizzakh region. Based on the data obtained, it has been given that, in terms of the amount of coarse dust and fine sand fraction, the soils of the region are dominated by medium, heavy and light sands, sometimes shown to ease up to scattered sand.
Fiction as a type of arts possesses with its distinguishing features. The palette of the descriptive-expressive resources include the depiction processes of the nature. The author, referring to the nature, deals with the various forms of its presence in the literary work through the mythological presentation of its power and influence on the human-being, its poetic embodiment, description of animals, which have the human-beings related features, plants, as well as the landscape descriptions in the process of depicting of the local neighborhoods. At its early stages, the folklore of the Korean people possessed with the mythological power of nature, including poor landscape descriptions, which were personalized and actively lived in the lives of human-beings. The description of nature become more acceptable, losing that “beaty”, which was seen as main composition principle of description of the nature such as hyperbolizm. So, it is clearly seen a tendency to the individualization of the tractate about the nature, which influences on the heroes in their trials to comprehend properly the surrounding world, and define their own places in the natural circle. The Korean literature transfers the nature through the traditional images, such as the mountain, the pine tree, moon, and through the depiction of the seasons of the year and the time of the days. The pine tree and mountain are seen as the natural phenomenon, which feel the loneliness. These phenomenon are the subjects of the environment, which create the whole unity with the surrounding world of the human-beings. Such unclearness of the lines between the human-being and nature are the harmonious unity of a human-being and a world. Usually the depiction of the mountain, water, moon and etc. where the action takes its place. Due to the Dao’s visions it prevails the benevolent peacefulness, averting from nature from the routine life, in order to get the harmony with the nature. In the whole it is to acknowledge that the Korean prose of XVII – XVIII centuries, the authors come to the depiction of nature, without the deep details of descriptions. Factually, the nature did not play that role, which was related with the revealing process of the emotional world of story-telling. Here, it is being transferred as the “calling” phrases, it generally demonstrates the emotional background of the literary work. So, the gist based features of the Korean prose of XVII – XVIII centuries very clearly proves about the cosmologic idea of relation to the nature, including a special vision of nature and laws.
This article, studying the experience of international mountain tourism development, applies to Uzbekistan and develops important areas for further development of modern mountain tourism.
Jizzakh region was divided into six ecotourism regions: Ecotourism region of juniper forests and biological resources in the mountain ranges of Turkestan: Ecotourism region of natural landscapes related to juniper forests in the Molguzar mountain ranges; Mirzachol plains and sandy desert nature ecotourism region in the North; Aayd-Arnasoy lakes water basin ecotourism region. Ecotourism region of natural landscapes of mountain forests, walnut groves in the north-western part of the Nurota mountain ranges; Jizzakh reservoir basin ecotourism region.
The article provides information on the density, specific gravity and porosity of irrigated light serozem soils in the Central region – Syrdarya and Samarkand oasis and the Southern region – Surkhandarya valley. The «pile heel» formed in the subsoil of these soils - the compacted layer every 3-4 years, at the end of the growing season – once in the autumn to carry out deep loosening, to improve not only the general physical, water-physical and physicomechanical properties of the soil, rather, it has a more positive effect on plant growth and development.
This article describes the properties of irrigated sandy and loamy soils in the Bukhara oasis, to determine the evolutionary changes in the soil, and to reduce the impact of degradation processes occurring in these soils, the article also emphasizes the importance of research on maintaining, increasing and protecting soil fertility and efficient use of land.
In order to produce a uniformly high and high-quality crop from soybeans grown in the conditions of typical burlap soils exposed to irrigation erosion of Samarkand region: in the unwashed part of the soil of the area, the sowing is carried out in the norms of 80 kg/ha seedva N90P63K45 kg/ha, as a result of stratification on the basis of resurstejamkor agrotechnologies in the norms of seedva N90P42K30 kg/ha to n120p84k60 kg/ha when the soil is washed and seedva n70p42k30 kg/ha in the washed soil collected part of the field, the yield of soybeans "Selekta 201" in the areas where the soil is not washed 29,8-31,6-28,3 ts, Variety 26,4-28,5-24,7; sort of "Nena" 24,6-26,2-23,2 ts/ha, these indicators are in accordance with the above-mentioned norms of planting and fertilization in the "Selekta 201" variety in the areas where the soil is washed 28,2-27,5-29,4; on"Uzbekskaya-2" 25,3-24,6-26,2; In "Nena"22,5-21,7-24,8 ts/ha, the yield of the "Selecta 201" variety of soybeans in the above planting and fertilization norms in the collected (accumulated) part of the washed soil of the experimental field 31,5-30,2-29,3 TS / ha "Uzbekskaya-2" Variety 27,8-26,2-24,6; in "Nena"25,6-23,4-22,5 it was determined that ts/ha increased the fertility of these soils and ensured the cultivation of clean products without harming the ecological environment, while keeping the crop and the soil from washing with irrigation water.
This article discusses the main purpose of the assessment of irrigated soils, the methods used to determine crop yields based on the characteristics of soil fertility and its properties, and their advantages. It also describes the procedures for scientifically substantiating the yield of irrigated soils corresponding to one quality score.
A comprehensive study of the international mountain tourist facilities of the Turkestan ridge, developed scientific recommendations for use in tourism.
In the article ways of perfection of processes of chisel, explosive and excavation-loading works, moving of career cargoes, a sailing of formation and application of is cyclic-line technology on deep open-cast mines with is difficult-structural conditions for the purpose of reduction of an ecological damage by environment are considered. The analysis of studying of experience of development of mountain works on is difficult-structural deposits fulfilled in the open way where depth of mountain works reaches a point more than 500 m with division into the natural -technological zones is carried out.
This article describes recommendations for the classification of resort complexes for construction in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan. Recommendations on seasonal availability of places in mountain resorts of the republic have been developed. The effectiveness of recreation, the ease of use of the resort area and facilities largely depends on the level of transport service to health complexes, and recommendations for their rational solution are given. Differentiation of the areas allocated for the organization of recreational facilities in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan according to the size and greenness, the size of the complex and whether it is included in the resort or not, as well as an analysis of the functional use and natural conditions of the recreational facilities, and recommendations are given.
The article considers the recreational and touristic potential of the region. For the example of the Tashkent region, the possibilities of effective organization of recreational activities with the subsequent impetus for the development of various fields of the service sector are considered. In order to identify opportunities, threats, positive and negative aspects of the region, a SWOT analysis of the recreational and tourist potential of the Chimgan-Charvak resort and recreational zone was carried out. The capacity of the Charvak reservoir zone was considered. As a result of this analysis, problems that were identified associated with negative changes in the ecosystem of the region and assumptions were made about the possibility of reducing the recreational and tourist potential of the Tashkent region. Also, zoning of the mountain and foothill zone of the Tashkent region was carried out. As a result, four functionally different types of mountain recreation areas were identified. The Concept of the prospects for integral development and territorial organization of recreation in the mountainous zone of Uzbekistan is proposed and the basic principles of its functioning are developed.
In this article, scientific and practical recommendations for use in ecotourism are given in the mountainous regions of Jizzakh region, after a comprehensive study of international mountain tourist facilities.
This comprehensive review delves into the intricate dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under the influence of climate change in the sub-tropical context of India. Focusing on both topsoil and deep soils with varied aggregate sizes, the study employs dynamic modeling to analyze SOC concentration and stability variations. By synthesizing existing research, this review aims to provide insights into the multifaceted interactions shaping SOC dynamics in response to evolving climatic conditions. Understanding these variations is crucial for formulating effective soil management strategies and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.